Free Essays on Barth On Baptism

â€Å"Karl Barth on Infant Baptism† The sacrament of infant baptism is scrutinized and debated all over the world. The debate consists of many different viewpoints on what we are doing, why we are doing it, and when we are administering the sacrament. Ministers must ask themselves more questions about the meaning of baptism than they could answer. If they were to look for guidance from theologians they would find a great deal of confusion and would certainly fine themselves in a very lively discussion. In the New Testament, there is no reference on the baptism of infants. However, does not forbid the practice or condone it (McGrath 528). In the Jewish faith, newborn boys are circumcised to enter into the jewish faith. This rite of passage may have sparked an interest among Christians to baptize their young sooner to become a member into the Christian community. Another reason infant baptism became a staple practice was because entire families may have been baptized all at the same time. This proved to be acceptable for both infants and adults to be baptized. The question arises about whether or not baptism should be a choice later on in one’s life or whether one’s parents should make that choice for you to rid you from retaining the original sin one is born with. Theologian Karl Barth has greatly scrutized the practice of infant baptism in more recent times (McGrath 528). He states: It is without biblical foundation. All of the evidence points to infant baptism having become the norm in the post-apostolic period, not the period of the new testament itself. (McGrath 529) Barth is looking for affirmations from the bible that is not there. Every single question dealing with the processes of Christianity cannot be answered in looking in the depths of the bible. Yes, the bible is the word of God, but it did create a foundation for the sacrament of baptism. Now whether or not it points out when in one’s l... Free Essays on Barth On Baptism Free Essays on Barth On Baptism â€Å"Karl Barth on Infant Baptism† The sacrament of infant baptism is scrutinized and debated all over the world. The debate consists of many different viewpoints on what we are doing, why we are doing it, and when we are administering the sacrament. Ministers must ask themselves more questions about the meaning of baptism than they could answer. If they were to look for guidance from theologians they would find a great deal of confusion and would certainly fine themselves in a very lively discussion. In the New Testament, there is no reference on the baptism of infants. However, does not forbid the practice or condone it (McGrath 528). In the Jewish faith, newborn boys are circumcised to enter into the jewish faith. This rite of passage may have sparked an interest among Christians to baptize their young sooner to become a member into the Christian community. Another reason infant baptism became a staple practice was because entire families may have been baptized all at the same time. This proved to be acceptable for both infants and adults to be baptized. The question arises about whether or not baptism should be a choice later on in one’s life or whether one’s parents should make that choice for you to rid you from retaining the original sin one is born with. Theologian Karl Barth has greatly scrutized the practice of infant baptism in more recent times (McGrath 528). He states: It is without biblical foundation. All of the evidence points to infant baptism having become the norm in the post-apostolic period, not the period of the new testament itself. (McGrath 529) Barth is looking for affirmations from the bible that is not there. Every single question dealing with the processes of Christianity cannot be answered in looking in the depths of the bible. Yes, the bible is the word of God, but it did create a foundation for the sacrament of baptism. Now whether or not it points out when in one’s l...

Napoleon and the Siege of Toulon 1793

Napoleon and the Siege of Toulon 1793 The siege of Toulon in 1793 might have blended into the many other actions of the French Revolutionary War were it not for the later career of one man, as the siege marked the first notable military action of Napoleon Bonaparte, later French Emperor and one of the greatest generals in history. France in Rebellion The French Revolution transformed almost every aspect of French public life and grew more radical as the years passed (turning into terror). However, these changes were far from universally popular, and as many French citizens fled revolutionary areas, others decided to rebel against a revolution they saw as increasingly Parisian and extreme. By 1793 these rebellions had turned into widespread, open and violent revolt, with a revolutionary army/militia sent out to crush these enemies within. France was, in effect, engaging in a civil war at the same time as countries surrounding France looked to intervene and force a counter-revolution. The situation was, at times, desperate. Toulon The site of one such rebellion was Toulon, a port on the south coast of France. Here the situation was critical to the revolutionary government, as not only was Toulon an important naval base – France was engaged in wars against many of the monarchist states of Europe – but the rebels had invited in British ships and handed over control to their commanders. Toulon had some of the thickest and most advanced defenses, not just in France, but in Europe, and would have to be retaken by the revolutionary forces to help secure the nation. It was no easy task but had to be done quickly. The Siege and the Rise of Napoleon Command of the revolutionary army assigned to Toulon was given to General Carteaux, and he was accompanied by a ‘representative on mission’, basically a political officer designed to make sure he was being sufficiently ‘patriotic’. Carteaux began a siege of the port in 1793. The effects of the revolution on the army had been severe, as many of the officers had been nobility and as they were persecuted they fled the country. Consequently, there were many open spaces and plenty of promotion from lower ranks based on ability rather than birth rank. Even so, when the commander of Carteaux’s artillery was wounded and had to leave in September, it wasn’t purely skill that got a young officer called Napoleon Bonaparte appointed as his replacement, as both he and the representative on a mission who promoted him – Saliceti – were from Corsica. Carteaux had no say in the matter. Major Bonaparte now showed great skill in increasing and deploying his resources, using a keen understanding of terrain to slowly take key areas and undermine the British hold on Toulon. While who played the key role in the final act is debated, but Napoleon definitely played a vital role, and he was able to take full credit when the port fell on December 19th, 1793. His name was now known by key figures in the revolutionary government, and he was both promoted to Brigadier General and given command of the artillery in the Army of Italy. He would soon leverage this early fame into greater command, and use that opportunity to take power in France. He would use the military to establish his name in history, and it began at Toulon.